плюсы и минусы, используемый инструмент и материалы для устройства, пошаговая инструкция работ своими руками, также обустройство системы отвода

В зависимости от вида поверхности отмостка бывает твердой и мягкой. Второй вариант менее популярен, но прекрасно справляется со своими функциями. Мягкая отмостка представляет собой целую послойную систему из различных современных материалов. Она не требует заливки бетона. Мягкую отмостку легко создать своими руками даже при наличии минимального строительного опыта.

Плюсы и минусы

Отмостка с мягким покрытием имеет немало преимуществ:

1. Не требует ремонта, специального ухода.
2. Показывает высокую устойчивость к резким перепадам температур, холодам.
3. Не разрушается. Это достигается за счет гибкости конструкции на глубине промерзания почвы.
4. Позволяет выбрать тип финишного покрытия. Декоративных образцов существует в большом количестве. При этом поверхность засеивается газоном или засаживается цветами.
5. Минимизирует финансовые расходы на обустройстве. Укладка происходит своими руками без привлечения специалистов.
6. Не поддается промерзанию на любых типах почв. Для этого используется утеплитель, а фундамент закладывается на меньшую глубину.

Недостатки также имеются у такого покрытия. Мягкое покрытие быстро зарастает сорной травой. Поэтому возникает необходимость постоянно ухаживать за отмосткой. Также процесс укладки достаточно трудоемок, если сравнить его с этапами обустройства жесткого покрытия.

Еще один минус — недолговечность. В мягкой отмостке отсутствует этап бетонирования. Система уже утрачивает прочность. Если выбрать некачественные (дешевые) материалы для обустройства слоев, то это еще больше усугубит ситуацию.

Для повышения долговечности отмостки с мягким покрытием важно приобретать только качественные строительные элементы и соблюдать технологию возведения.

Необходимые инструменты

Для работы потребуется следующие набор инструментов:

• совковая и штыковая лопаты;
• колышки и бечевка;
• перчатки;
• мастерок;
• кирка;
• ведро;
• уровень.

Используемый материал

Каждый элемент в мягкой отмостке выполняет функцию. Если один материал будет низкого качества, то резко ухудшатся эксплуатационные показатели всей системы.

Список материалов следующий:

1. Для создания гидроизоляционного слоя: рубероид, водоотталкивающие полиэтиленовые мембраны, ПВХ-пленки.
2. Геотекстиль необходим для защиты дренажной системы, грамотного распределения нагрузки. Вид материала зависит от типа грунта. Для каменистых хорошо подойдет термоскрепленный, для глинистых — иглопробивной. Не рекомендуется приобретать тканевый геотекстиль, поскольку он показывает низкое качество гидроизоляции.
3. Для формирования дренажной системы потребуется песок и щебень. Можно взять гравий, гальку или керамзит.
4. Теплоизоляционный материал. Препятствует негативному воздействию низких температур. Утепление обязательно выполняется возле жилых помещений и при наличии подвального помещения.

Схема устройства

Конструкция отмостки с мягким покрытием выглядит так:

1. Гидроизоляционный слой. Лучше использовать рубероид, полиэтилен или ПВХ мембрану. Гидроизоляция должна быть прочной и морозоустойчивой.
2. Нижний слой из глины. Необходим для сыпучих почв. Глина берется без песка.
3. Дренажная система. Обустраивается слой из керамзита, щебня средней фракции, песка или гальки. На этом слое прокладывается дренажная труба.
4. Геотекстиль. Необходим для распределения нагрузки и разделения фракций для предотвращения смешивания всех слоев. Состоит из нетканого полиэфирного волокна, хорошо пропускающего воздух и воду. Помогает исключить заливание дренажной системы, поэтому не требует использования труб при укладке защитного пояса.
5. Утеплитель. Хорошо подойдет экструдированный пенополистирол или пенополиуретан. Если выбран первый вариант, то во время монтажа плит выполняется еще один слой гидроизоляции.
6. Бордюр. Исключает сползание материалов, фиксирует всю систему, придает конструкции завершенного внешнего вида.
7. Декоративное покрытие. Это может быть цветной щебень, газон или другая растительность, брусчатка и так далее. Экономичный образец — щебень разной фракции.

Пошаговая инструкция выполнения работ своими руками

Создание мягкой отмостки предполагает выполнение нескольких этапов. Определенный вид работ требует внимательности, грамотного исполнения основных советов и рекомендаций.

Лучше заняться обустройством отмостки на этапе возведения фундамента, поскольку выемка грунта будет осуществляться намного легче.

Подготовка

Этот этап состоит из разметки и земельных работ. Инструкция следующая:

1. Участок разметить согласно будущим параметрам отмостки. Для этого использовать колышки и бечевку. В итоге должна получиться прямоугольная форма в виде тротуара по всему периметру здания.
2. Снять плодородный слой почвы. Выровнять дно траншеи при помощи уровня. Затем утрамбовать его путем отсыпки мелкого щебня.
3. По краю траншеи вырыть небольшую канавку для последующего создания скрытой ливневой системы.
4. Дно траншеи засыпать смоченной глиной без песка и других посторонних примесей толщиной 20 см. Разровнять так, чтобы форма приобрела уклон от здания. Дать глине подсохнуть, систематически смачивая водой против возникновения трещин.

Если будет использоваться утеплитель, то глубину траншеи увеличить на 1 м.

Обустройство системы отвода

Укладка отвода воды происходит так, чтобы сток направлялся в дренаж. Не стоит монтировать слив в почву, поскольку при обильных осадках грунт сильно подмоется под гидробарьером и в итоге осядет.

Для слива монтировать дренажные трубы диаметром 10 см. Предварительно их обернуть геотекстилем для изоляции.

Углы и пересечения обработать тройниковыми коллекторами. Они соединят каналы с верхним отводом. Слив поместить в канавку, которую предварительно наполнили щебнем и почвой в соотношении 70:30.

Укладка слоев

Происходит только после подсыхания глиняного слоя. Этапы следующие:

1. Засыпать слой щебня средней фракции толщиной 10-12 см. Обязательно создать уклон от здания. Он составляет 2-3 градуса или 2-3 см на 1 м конструкции.
2. Уклон выровнять песком в 2-3 слоя. Разбить их геотекстилем, хорошо утрамбовать и смочить водой. При укладке материала создать нахлест на стену в 15 см.
3. Поверх песчаного слоя разместить геомембрану с нахлестом на стену в 15 см. Ее также необходимо уложить на дне лотка сливного канала.
4. Монтировать коллекторы и трубы с геотекстилем.
5. Геомембрану покрыть дренажным слоем. Так вода не будет задерживаться на насыпи.
6. Насыпать слой из песка и гравия толщиной до 4 см. Разместить геотекстиль для выравнивания.

Утепление

Специалисты рекомендуют утеплять мягкую отмостку, особенно при наличии в здании подвального помещения.

Утеплитель позволит снизить воздействие низких температур на остальные материалы, продлить им срок службы.

В качестве утеплителя можно использовать экструдированный пенополистирол и пенополиуретан.
Для каждого варианта есть свои рекомендации:

1. Пенополистирол. Преимущества — низкий коэффициент влагопоглощения, высокие показатели механической прочности, легкость, простота в обработке, долговечность. Размеры листов — 10 и 5 см. Монтировать в один слой. Сверху настелить гидроизоляционную пленку.
2. Пенополиуретан. Основное преимущество — низкие показатели влагопоглощения. Недостатки — высокая стоимость, необходимость использования специального оборудования. Монтировать в два слоя путем распыления материала.

Гидроизоляция

Этот этап подразумевает настил рулонного материала поверх теплоизоляционного слоя. Лучше использовать профилированную мембрану. Производителя следует выбирать, исходя из личных предпочтений и финансовых возможностей.
Куски мембраны уложить внахлест: геотекстиль отделить от шипов материала, зафиксировать его на четыре шипа (минимум 10 см), плотно вставить в пазы. Стыки проклеить клейкой лентой.

Важно — следите, чтобы не оставались зазоры, иначе вся работа будет бессмысленной.

Вернуть на место геотекстиль, проклеить стыки лентой. Минимальная ширина скотча — 5 см. Мембрану зафиксировать к стене при помощи специального крепежа — мастики. Высота захода материала должна составлять 15 см.

Отделка: варианты защитного покрытия

Здесь происходит выравнивание мягкой отмостки или финишная отделка. Это главный плюс мягкой отмостки. Человек может украсить придомовой участок, исходя из собственных желаний и финансовых возможностей.

Популярные методы финишной отделки:

1. Гранитный щебень. Выбрать материал фракции 20-25 мм. Создать полотно поверх основания, затем хорошо утрамбовать. Дополнительно можно сместить пирог отмостки ниже на 10-15 см. Так появится возможность насыпать поверх нее небольшой слой почвы для создания аккуратной линии между конструкцией и газоном.
2. Комбинирование материалов. Этот вариант подразумевает использование различных декоративных сыпучих материалов, плитку. Можно попробовать соединить клинкерную плитку с мраморной крошкой, цветной щебень с галькой и так далее.
3. Тротуарная плитка. Перед укладкой плитки следует засыпать слой песка на гидроизоляционный материал и хорошо его утрамбовать. Затем нанести небольшой слой грунтовки, монтировать ее. Следить за тем, чтобы отсутствовали зазоры. Плиточные швы заполнить цементным раствором или грунтовкой.

Финишное покрытие может быть выполнено из любых строительных материалов. Итоговый результат зависит от фантазии и желания домашнего мастера.

Ошибки

Многие новички недобросовестно относятся к организационным работам. Именно совершают следующие ошибки:

1. Не учли ширину и глубину залегания отмостки. Неправильные расчеты приведут к полному разрушению конструкции. Важно помнить, что ширина системы должна быть минимум 1 м, больше свеса кровли на 35 см.
2. Не сделали уклон от фундамента. Это приводит к застою воды на участке. Отмостка постепенно разрушается, затем начинает портиться фундамент.
3. Не уложили утеплительный слой. Утеплитель обязательно используется при обустройстве отмостки возле жилых домов. Если не утеплить систему, то она быстро разрушится под воздействием сил морозного пучения.
4. Не уложили гидроизоляционный слой. Это важнейший этап в создании рассматриваемой конструкции. Без гидроизоляции система полностью разрушается в течение нескольких дней.
5. Не предусмотрели отвод воды. Тротуар заливается от сточных и грунтовых вод. Постепенно разрушается фундамент здания.

Новички считают, что некоторые пункты в схеме обустройства мягкой отмостки можно опустить.

Важно — любое отклонение от нормы приведет к серьезной порче системы и основания здания.

Также специалисты советуют не экономить на покупке материалов.

Рекомендации

Каждый домашний мастер должен понять, что любой вариант отмостки является необходимым элементом каждого здания. Без такой конструкции фундамент будет промерзать и регулярно подмываться водой. Итог — разрушенное основание, испорченные стены, новые финансовые вложения в ремонт дома.

Чтобы не допустить ошибок, следует прислушаться к мнениям специалистов. Рекомендации следующие:

• не экономить на строительных материалах — дешевые элементы в мягкой отмостке испортят всю систему;
• обязательно делать отмостку выше уровня земли вокруг дома — после обустройства всех слоев сделать финишное покрытие так, чтобы оно было на 5 см выше окружающего дерна;
• соблюдать параметры отмостки — ширина не менее 1 метра, глубина не больше 50 см;
• не забывать об уклоне — он отведет сточные воды за пределы основания;
• не игнорировать монтаж гидроизоляции и теплоизоляции — возникнут серьезные проблемы;
• пункт о теплоизоляции — важно выбирать качественные плиты и соблюдать технологию их монтажа, иначе фундамент будет промерзать;
• не пренебрегать финишным покрытием — декоративность это тоже важный момент.

Полезное видео

Отмостка вокруг дома при помощи профилированной мембраны — в видео:

Заключение

Становится понятным, что отмостку с мягким покрытием создать намного легче. Здесь отсутствует этап бетонирования, а значит значительно сокращаются финансовые расходы. Однако домашний мастер должен помнить, что от качества используемых материалов зависит уровень прочности системы. Дополнительно стоит соблюдать рекомендации и советы от опытных строителей, не забывать про правила выполнения описанной ранее технологии.

90000 device, step by step instruction 90001 90002 Usually the blind area acts as a continuationpavement cover. However, this condition is not always met, because it is not mandatory. As an example of this approach can be considered soft blind area. In addition to the functional, it has a decorative edge. But before you start work, you should familiarize yourself with them of the technology as well as to prepare the necessary materials. 90003 90004 The essence of the idea 90005 90002 Varied exterior of the house can be with the help ofdescribed above solution.Cobbled and concrete paths have become boring, and they do not always look natural. With some types of foundations they simply do not combine. For example, pile-grillage base requires the decoration of the inner edge of the blind area with a hinged base. 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In order to ensure the stabilization of the surface, a preparatory layer of coarse-grained gravel should be made. The stones will evenly distribute the load and eliminate the shrinkage of the bulk coating. 90003 90002 The main slope can be provided with a layer of crushed stone. Alignment is achieved by a bulk layer of fine material, which has no tendency to whipping. Usually, sand is used for this, but slag or granite screening can be used, if necessary thermal insulation — expanded clay.A soft blind area should have a hydro-barrier. For this, geomembranes are usually laid, which are used for the waterproofing of buildings and are sold under the names «Izudud» or «Fundalin». 90003 90002 If it is a tape foundation, thenThe blind area is located along the perimeter, as well as the usual one. Whereas with a pile-and-grove foundation, the blind is put inside by 50 cm. This makes it necessary to equip the blind area during the construction of the foundation. Waterproofing barrier will not be damaged, and excavation will be more convenient.90003 90004 Step-by-step instruction 90005 90002 If you will be equipped with a blind areahands, a step-by-step instruction, presented in the article, will help in this. At the first stage, it is necessary to carry out excavation work, for this the ground should be removed by trench, having deepened by 45 cm in relation to the lowest point of the site. The bottom should be at a constant level, so the work must be preceded by marking with a water level or a level. 90003 90002 When the blind area is equipped with its own hands, a step-by-step instruction is always studied before this.From it you can learn that the edges of the trench do not need to be strengthened, but a ditch should be formed along the perimeter. In it should be placed the channels of the storm system. The bottom should be prepared and compacted. It is usually covered with a layer of fine-grained rubble. 90003 90002 On the leveled surface is laid wettedgreasy clay. The final thickness of the layer should be 20 cm. It is necessary to make a common plane and a tray for the storm channel from clay. Clay should be laid with a common slope towards the building.The device of a soft blind area around the house in the next stage provides for the stage of pouring a layer of preparation. It must be periodically sprinkled with water to prevent cracks. Finish the device otmostki possible after the clay cease to bog his feet. 90003 90004 Provision of storm drainage 90005 90002 Remove the liquid from the blind area into the drainagesystem. Dumping of sewage can be in the soil, which will depend on the annual level of rainfall and rainfall intensity. The abundance of draining liquid can wash the ground under the blind and cause a strong bias of the hydrobaryar.As a result, the bulk layer will begin to blur. 90003 90002 If the drainage channel and the filter wellIn the vicinity there is no, the discharge can be performed in the soil, away from the total drainage slope by about 10 m. To collect water, drainage pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are usually used. Prepare products should be, perforating the walls. The diameter of the holes can be equal to the limit of 16 to 20 mm. 90003 90002 Soft otkostka around the house with a backfill of landprovides for the wrapping of pipes in needle-punched geotextile.Despite the fact that the blind area has a high filtration capacity, protection will be required in case of migration of moisture from the muddy ground. At the intersections and angles, the channels must be connected by cruciform or triple collectors. It is important to ensure that there are upper taps that are needed for revision. 90003 90002 If the drainage fittings are not used, thenrevision wells can be replaced by drain neck. Water is discharged into a trench, the depth of which reaches 1 m.It should be covered with crushed stone and fertile soil. Perforated pipe is the distributor. 90003 90004 Cake pie 90005 90002 Clay preparation should be sprinkled with a layerrubble, which is located with a certain bias. The thickness of this preparation is 120 mm. The fraction of the material varies from 15 to 20 mm. You can alternate small and large filler. Leveling of the slope is done by a drop-out or sand layer. The deviation from the horizon is 3: 100. 90003 90002 Blind area of ​​rubble will go under the house.From the border of the facade, it should be raised from 15 to 20 cm. The cake should be compacted as it is laid and watered. The stability of the layer improves at the boundary of the rubble and clay. The surface of the sand after compaction is stretched by the rule, the membrane is spread over the surface. Blind area of ​​crushed stone is arranged in such a way that there is no additional padding in the tray. As an exception, a few centimeters of a mixture of sand and gravel, with which you can create a slope for the drainage channels.90003 90004 Shaft for the well 90005 90002 Soft pavement of the well consists ofwaterproofing film, which is covered with sand. From above it is possible to arrange a lawn or a decorative covering. The production of such a system does not involve large physical or financial costs. Before the beginning of the work, it is necessary to remove the fertile soil around the well for a width ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 m. A waterproofing film is laid on the bottom, the edge of which should be placed on the upper ring.90003 90002 In the role of waterproofing can actfrost-resistant film, which fits into the ground during the construction of foundations. To fix a film on a ring it is possible a bilateral adhesive tape or a metal strip, through last fastening it is carried out by screws or dowels. In the place where the film goes into a vertical position, you should make a crease. It will compensate for the material displacement and soil subsidence, which will eliminate the destruction and damage to the decorative top layer.Above you can cover the sand and lay paving slab, rubble, brick or paving stones. Sometimes the place is simply returned to the removed turf or grass lawn is sown. 90003 90004 Conclusion 90005 90002 Information on how to arrange a softScaffold for pile-screw foundation, was presented above. It should be remembered at the same time that work needs to begin with the formation of a compensation joint. This will waterproof the underground and eliminate the deformation of the socle. Work can be done with a two-layer ruberoid.Further excavations are carried out. It is necessary to go deeper by 0.3 m along the perimeter of the house and fill up the materials with a ramming. At the final stage, a gutter is installed, the surface is covered with cobblestones or paving slabs. 90003 .90000 How to make a blind area around the house concrete? Which grade of concrete is needed for paving? The thickness and slope of pavement 90001 90002 To protect the house Foundation from groundwater and external factors, it is necessary to arrange the concrete pavement. She is around the house. This approach provides complete protection from moisture, what is not able to cope any other material. This design protects not only the Foundation, but the basement of the building. In addition to the barrier, the pavement performs another important function-starts a movement on the surface.In addition, by using this site, you can give the house a finished appearance. 90003 90002 90005 90003 90007 Requirements for the deck 90008 90002 Before you make a blind area around the house is made of concrete, you should familiarize yourself with the sanitary norms and rules 2.02.01-83. According to them, the blind area must have the width which is 200 mm longer than the overhang of the roofing material. If the building has gutters, its parameters must also be considered. These rules and regulations reglamentario width, which is affected by the type of soil.The optimal width can be considered to be 1 m. This option provides freedom of movement and the function of the path. 90003 90002 It is Important to remember that the base needs to defend on the perimeter. The pavement must encircle the building. As an exception serves only the place where there is a concrete porch. Before starting, you should take into consideration the depth of the structure. This parameter should not be greater than 1/2 the depth of soil freezing. 90003 90002 The Thickness of pavement is equal to the limit from 70 to 100 mm.If the surface is planned, an increased load in the process of operation, for example, the impact of the car, that setting can be increased to 150 mm. One of the important indicators is the bias. It is regulated by the sanitary rules and regulations III-10-75 and equal to the limit from 10 to 100 mm for each meter of width, which is equal to 1-10%. 90003 90002 Recommended 90003 90017 90002 The most effective methods of seed germination 90003 90002 Despite the fact that the method of seedling in vegetable production is a very time consuming process, it is used by most gardeners.Planting seeds in open ground is an easy and convenient method, but it is effective only in certain climatic zones. I … 90003 90022 90002 Retro-reflective paint. The scope of 90003 90002 When the vehicle began to fill the road, their popularity began to gain reflective paint. Thanks to this paint, as drivers and pedestrians becomes much easier to avoid accidents in the dark. Purpose paint Reflective paint — paint material, whic … 90003 90002 The Slope of pavement should be directed in the opposite direction from the base of the building.The requirements for this parameter depend on the amount of rainfall in your region and soil type. In practice, the slope equals the limit from 20 to 30 mm per 1 m, which is approximately equal to 2-3%. If you make this value higher then the icing on the deck, it will be difficult to move. 90003 90002 It is Important to remember about the presence of the curb. This element in this case is decorative, and the decision about its installation shall take into account the preferences of the home owner and budget for the work.If the blind area are bushes that represent the root aggressors, or trees, characterized by a strong root system, it is best to resort to the limiter. 90003 90002 Before beginning work, it is important to consider also the height of the cap. Minimally, it is equal to 500 mm. This is true for rigid pavement. If we are talking about soft types, the height of the plinth shall be 300 mm minimum. The described design relates to the hard variety. From ground level blind area must be increased by 50 mm.This recommendation is due to the fact that the liquid needs to stay on the edge and form puddles. If this happens at low temperatures, it will cause the freezing point of water, which will contribute to the destruction of the structure. 90003 90002 90034 90003 90007 The Production of blind area: training material 90008 90002 Mark is an indicator of the quality of concrete. From this value in the range from 100 to тисячі depends on what characteristics will have the design. Those numbers say about the content of cement in mortar.The class of the compound can be in the range of from v3. 5 to B8 and denotes strength. For example, a solution of class B15 indicates that the cube fill pressure of 15 MPa. This is true for structures with dimensions of 15 x 15 x 15 cm 90003 90002 You might be interested in also the question about what grade of concrete necessary for paving. Usually this takes the cement M200, which corresponds to the class Q15. Parameters of concrete depend on its brand. They are determined by the components.For the device bottom layer will need sand, which will form the basis of the pillows. It can be career or river. The main condition that the material does not contain major impurities, which could damage the geotextile. 90003 90002 For blind area is better to use the gravel fraction in the range of 10 to 20 mm. It can be gravel. For hidrotambo will need a geotextile or clay. This layer in the cushion absent, because the concrete does an excellent job of diverting water. For zheleznenija need to use cement.90003 90002 90045 90003 90007 Solution 90008 90002 The Arrangement of blind area around the house made from concrete can be carried out using the prepared solution, otherwise it will have to cook by yourself. Grade of concrete will be determined by the brand of cement and its specific gravity. To blind area is better to use cement M400. Cement must be fresh, so buy it in advance is not necessary, because after a month of storage material will lose 5% of their properties. If you use fresh cement high marks, it will save on water and to obtain good concrete.90003 90002 To prepare the solution you need to prepare sifted, pre-washed and freed from impurities sand. To the volume of water remained unchanged, material must be dried. As for the gravel, the crushed rock rather than gravel. If there is a need to give concretequality frost resistance, use of additional substances it can be a liquid glass. Among the tools are: 90003 90053 90054 Capacity for kneading or a mixer; 90055 90054 Bucket; 90055 90054 The shovel; 90055 90054 Measuring capacity for water; 90055 90054 Vibroplasty or ramming a piece of wood.90055 90064 90002 90066 90003 90007 Preparation of solutions 90008 90002 The Technology of production of blind area around the house concrete involves preparation of a mixture of their own. To prepare the composition of the separate portions is recommended, that is true, if laying you plan to do yourself. The order of ingredients matters when cooking. 90003 90002 For mixing you need to fill the cement and water. To these are added other components: first poured a small portion of the sand, and then rubble or gravel.Between flow components is recommended to maintain the interval of 5 minutes, this will improve mixing. 90003 90002 90075 90003 90007 Substrate Preparation, markup, and device hikosaka 90008 90002 Before you make a blind area around the house is made of concrete, you must prepare the ground. To do this, remove the top layer of soil, remove stones and roots. Below the substrate should eliminate the activity by the use of herbicides. Considering that moment that the blind area exceeds the edge of the roof slope at 200 mm, you should use a plumb line to mark the borders of the design.For layout you need to pull on pocketed in the corners of the pegs to the rope. In order to avoid it sagging, you need to install intermediate stakes, the distance between them is 6 m. 90003 90002 To determine the slope of the pavement, you need to install additional beacons on the base (to pull rope). Fastening is carried out through each meter. You can then go to the device hikosaka. For this fit a 150-mm layer of fat clay, which can be replaced with geotextile. 90003 90002 The Film should not tear, on the bottom of the trench is filled with 100 mm layer of sand.On top of the film is filled with another layer of sand. The sand must be smooth, moisturize and seal. If you decide to work with clay hidrotambo, the sand layer should be one. When laying the film, you need to avoid tension, it needs to move freely along with the ground. 90003 90002 If you have wondered about how to make a blind area around the house, you should remember that near hikosaka better to put good drainage. To this excavated trench depth and a width of 100 mm and 200 mm, respectively.On the bottom is filled with rubble, then fit the pipe you want to wrap the geotextile. This will increase the speed of water drainage. Many neglect this step, but in practice, this translates into the fact that the water goes under the Foundation, and in freezing increases the pressure on him. 90003 90002 90088 90003 90007 Filling of rubble and sand. The insulation of the blind area and reinforcement 90008 90002 If you, like many pet masters, the question arose about how to make a blind area around the house, then you should know that the next stage is filled with rubble.The thickness of this layer should vary from 50 to 100 mm of Gravel must be spread out and compacted. You can use a special lattice, which is used in landscape design. 90003 90002 In the sand it is necessary to make a hole for the pipe and storm drain inlets, then you can proceed to the insulation of the blind area. On compacted sand, which is filled to the bottom of the trench should be installed polystyrene or polystyrene foam. To blind area suitable rigid insulation, but he’s afraid of point loads, so you need to place it on a sand cushion.90003 90002 To Eliminate the cold bridges is possible by the method of laying the insulation in 2 layers. Insulated crawl space have to be organized. To do this, use reinforcement mesh with square cells of side equal to 50 or 100 mm. Reinforcing the frame is associated. The mesh netting for this purpose should not be used as it is too flexible. If you do not need insulated blind area, the reinforcing mesh can be located on the rubble. This will contribute to a better distribution of the concrete mix.90003 90002 90099 90003 90007 Installation of formwork and pouring 90008 90002 Formwork may consist of plywood or boards. It increases the stakes, which are installed outside. When mounting we should not forget that the formwork is removable. For the device of expansion joints it is necessary to install wood strips on the edge that are processed antiseptic. The distance between the seams should be 2 m. 90003 90002 The Seams should be placed diagonally in the place where the formwork turns at the corners.Expansion joint has one important purpose, which is expressed in compensation of thermal expansion of the material during operation. Fill blind area should be carried out with removal of air pockets. If the mixture is evenly filled the entire space, you will be able to get a solid construction. 90003 90002 When casting it is important to exclude depression and tubercles, their presence will contribute to stagnation of water. If the entire deck at one time to do not, it is possible to fill only part of it, and then resume work.Fill blind area should be accompanied bystykovanija. For this concrete punctured, which will facilitate filling the entire space. 90003 90007 Varieties of paving without concrete 90008 90002 In the construction of the blind area is divided into three types: 90003 90053 90054 Solid; 90055 90054 Classic; 90055 90054 The asphalt or stones. 90055 90064 90002 Classic blind area usually has a width in the range of 80 cm and is constructed on the perimeter of the house. As the basis of this design may be a clay.At the perimeter of the house to do this, dig a trench, where is filled with wet clay and compacted tightly. After drying, you can get a dense mass, which will provide the proper level of protect the Foundation from moisture. 90003 90002 On Top of the clay layer can be filled rubble middle fraction, and it is well sealed. Considering the types of blind area around the house without the concrete, you have to become more familiar with stone construction that is arranged with the help of stones and boulders.The trench in this case has a depth within 30 cm of gravel is laid, it is necessary to condense, and then fill the clay, which also must be compacted. Below the upper layer to provide protection from moisture necessary to lay the insulation materials in the form of roofing material. You can then begin the construction of a decorative layer with stones. 90003 90007 Alternative types of pavement: the design of the tiles 90008 90002 If you want to make a deck, then run it from the tiles. It is important to pay attention to the limb waterproofing rubble.Its purpose is to not let the first layer of sand blurred. The total capacity of the cushion should be 30 cm, However, this parameter is relevant only for the blind area, which will lie in the humus. 90003 90002 If the layer is thinner, then drained the layers should not delve into the dense soil. The clay layer should be a limit of 15 to 20 cm Thick layers of gravel equal to three values ​​the first layer of sand. As for gradients, they should decrease from bottom to top. Clay training will have a slope ranging from 8 to 12 cm for each meter.The bottom layer of gravel is sloped up to 7 cm for each meter. The top layer of gravel will have a slope of up to 4 cm per meter. The pillow top tile is horizontal. 90003 90007 The Cost of the work 90008 90002 If you have a question about how to make a blind area around the house is of concrete, and you assess their capabilities, decided that it is better to entrust this business to professionals, you should ask the cost of the work. Construction cost per square meter will amount to RUB 2 170 There is a 10 cm layer of concrete, the same thickness of the sand training and reinforcing mesh.Admittedly, the price per square meter blind area around the house may seem quite impressive, especially true if the building has a large area. So maybe to start is to study the technology. 90003 90007 In conclusion 90008 90002 Without blind area the Foundation and basement of the building can quickly come into disrepair. After all the work you can do zhelezneniem design. These manipulations are carried out on casted concrete that is coated in a layer of cement and subsequently erased. If you still think over the issue about how to make a blind area around the house out of concrete, you should know that there is also a wet method zheleznenija, which is carried out 14 days after completion of the pouring, when the solution dries.To do this, the surface design is necessary to go a cement-sand mortar. 90003.90000 Blind area around the house 90001 90002 After building a house or a garagefinished, you are happy to see your new possessions. But it’s too early to dream of long exploitation, because the blind area around the house has not been made. Some owners consider this stage of construction superfluous. But they are deeply mistaken. Do you want to know what is blind area around the house and what is it for? We will tell you about it in detail. 90003 90002 The durability of the operation of any building dependsfrom the state of its foundation, which has enormous loads.A plentiful melting of snow in the spring, heavy rains in the fall and severe frosts in winter can create big problems for the owner of the house. Under the influence of water, the outer walls of the foundation are destroyed, which leads to a distortion of the structure and the appearance of cracks. Therefore, the main task of any builder is not only to erect a building, but also to take care of diverting water from its walls. Blinds are the simplest and most effective way to solve this problem.Let’s look at two options for doing this kind of construction work. 90003 90002 Paving slab 90003 90002 This method is called «hard», because whenwork is used cement mortar, fixing the tiles in a certain position. Before starting work, you need to determine the size of the area on which the blind area around the house will be located. Its minimum width is 50-60 centimeters. But it is necessary to take into account the structural features of the roof of the house. The blind area should extend beyond its limits by at least 20 centimeters.90003 90002 With the help of a shovel dig a trench necessaryThe width of the depth is about 30 centimeters along the perimeter of the whole building. We treat the surface with herbicides, which will help to destroy the roots of weeds in this area. After that, we cover the bottom with geotextile, leaving allowances on the side walls of the trench. We fall asleep a layer of small rubble in the thickness of 15-20 centimeters. Over it, we distribute the sand evenly and carefully ram the entire underlying layer.Do not forget to make a slope from the wall of the house about 5-10 degrees. 90003 90002 After carrying out preparatory workwe are preparing the solution. To do this, take one part of the water and cement, and mix with three parts of sand. Dense solution spread on a small surface of the backing layer and on top of it we have a pre-prepared tile. With the help of an easy tapping of the kijan, we achieve the greatest adhesion of the surface of the finish with the solution. We try not to stack more than six tiles at the same time.90003 90002 We leave the blind for two days, during which timecompletely exclude the presence of any load on it. During this time, the solution completely solidifies and tightly fixes the tile in place. We prepare a more liquid cement solution than for styling, and with the help of a brush, we smear all the seams. Pour the tiles with cold water and leave for another two days. 90003 90002 How to make a «soft» type blind? 90003 90002 This is the easiest and fastest way to drain water fromthe foundation of the building.First you have to dig a trench of the necessary width. On its bottom we put the rolled geotextile, leaving not less than 20 centimeters for a call on the sidewall of the basement. Part of the removed soil is laid back. We fall asleep with a layer of fine crushed stone or coarse-grained sand. Such blind area around the house has only one drawback — it can not be walked on. 90003 90002 If you want to use it as awalkway, it will be necessary to strengthen the structure with pavers or tiles. In this case, ten centimeters of sand are laid on top of the gravel bed.The surface is wetted and repeatedly rammed. On the sand we lay the tile, pressing it with a kyanki. Stitches are filled with sand. Do not forget about the mandatory slope of at least five degrees from the wall of the building. 90003 .90000 device, step by step instruction 90001 90002 Usually the blind area acts as a continuationpavement cover. However, this condition is not always met, because it is not mandatory. As an example of this approach, you can consider a soft blind. Besides functional, it has decorative advantages. But before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the technology of their conduct, as well as prepare the necessary materials. 90003 90004 The essence of the idea 90005 90002 Varied exterior of the house can be with the help ofdescribed above solution.Cobbled and concrete paths have become boring, and they do not always look natural. With some types of foundations they simply do not combine. For example, pile-grillage base requires the decoration of the inner edge of the blind area with a hinged base. In this case, the ventilated internal space under the floor is closed. 90003 90004 Key Features 90005 90002 If we are talking about solid areas, then theirthe main principle is to continue the yard covering and finishing the socle. But the soft blind area is practically part of the front garden or flower bed, the last of which is adjacent to the house.As practice shows, this coating turns out to be durable, durable and does not require major repairs. If we compare the complexity of the device and the complexity, then both types of blind area are identical, but the layers are arranged in different sequences. 90003 90004 Device of soft blind area 90005 90002 Soft blind in the classical schemeprovides for a well-compacted layer of soil. If we are talking about the traditional design, then in it water is removed over the coating and falls into open trays.In the case of the described blind area, this role is assumed by surface drainage. In order to ensure the stabilization of the surface, a preparatory layer of coarse-grained gravel should be made. The stones will evenly distribute the load and eliminate the shrinkage of the bulk coating. 90003 90002 The main slope can be provided with a layer of crushed stone. Alignment is achieved by a bulk layer of fine material, which has no tendency to whipping. Usually, sand is used for this, but slag or granite screening can be used, if necessary thermal insulation — expanded clay.A soft blind area should have a hydro-barrier. For this, geomembranes are usually laid, which are used for the waterproofing of buildings and are sold under the names «Izudud» or «Fundalin». 90003 90002 If it is a tape foundation, thenThe blind area is located along the perimeter, as well as the usual one. Whereas with a pile-and-grove foundation, the blind is put inside by 50 cm. This makes it necessary to equip the blind area during the construction of the foundation. Waterproofing barrier will not be damaged, and excavation will be more convenient.90003 90004 Step-by-step instruction 90005 90002 If you will be equipped with a blind areahands, a step-by-step instruction, presented in the article, will help in this. At the first stage, it is necessary to carry out excavation work, for this the ground should be removed by trench, having deepened by 45 cm in relation to the lowest point of the site. The bottom should be at a constant level, so the work must be preceded by marking with a water level or a level. 90003 90002 When the blind area is equipped with its own hands, a step-by-step instruction is always studied before this.From it you can learn that the edges of the trench do not need to be strengthened, but a ditch should be formed along the perimeter. In it should be placed the channels of the storm system. The bottom should be prepared and compacted. It is usually covered with a layer of fine-grained rubble. 90003 90002 On the leveled surface is laid wettedgreasy clay. The final thickness of the layer should be 20 cm. It is necessary to make a common plane and a tray for the storm channel from clay. Clay should be laid with a common slope towards the building.The device of a soft blind area around the house in the next stage provides for the stage of pouring a layer of preparation. It must be periodically sprinkled with water to prevent cracks. Finish the device otmostki possible after the clay cease to bog his feet. 90003 90004 Provision of storm drainage 90005 90002 Remove the liquid from the blind area into the drainagesystem. Dumping of sewage can be in the soil, which will depend on the annual level of rainfall and rainfall intensity. The abundance of draining liquid can wash the ground under the blind and cause a strong bias of the hydrobaryar.As a result, the bulk layer will begin to blur. 90003 90002 If the drainage channel and the filter wellIn the vicinity there is no, the discharge can be performed in the soil, away from the total drainage slope by about 10 m. To collect water, drainage pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are usually used. Prepare products should be, perforating the walls. The diameter of the holes can be equal to the limit of 16 to 20 mm. 90003 90002 Soft otkostka around the house with a backfill of landprovides for the wrapping of pipes in needle-punched geotextile.Despite the fact that the blind area has a high filtration capacity, protection will be required in case of migration of moisture from the muddy ground. At the intersections and angles, the channels must be connected by cruciform or triple collectors. It is important to ensure that there are upper taps that are needed for revision. 90003 90002 If the drainage fittings are not used, thenrevision wells can be replaced by drain 90003.