полдюйма по наружному диаметру – это сколько на медных трубах

Содержание:

Часто при проектировании трубопроводов и покупке труб у новичков возникают вопросы: «Дюймовая труба – это сколько в миллиметрах? И каковы размеры труба полдюйма?» Неудобства, связанные с одновременным использованием метрической и имперской системы измерений, обычным в сантехническом деле, на первый взгляд сильно отравляют жизнь, а на деле – легко решаются. О том, как перевести одни единицы в другие, как представляют размеры труб в дюймах и миллиметрах и для чего это нужно, будет написано ниже.

Использование медных труб и их габариты

Проблемы с сопоставлением размеров труб в дюймах и миллиметрах начались 1950-х гг., когда в Европе стали повсеместно применяться трубы из меди, габариты которых представлялись в дюймах. На территории же Советского Союза водопроводные системы конструировались в большинстве случаев из стальных изделий, параметры которых измерялись в миллиметрах.

Не исчезла проблема и сегодня: в Европе по-прежнему пользуются спросом водопроводные коммуникации из меди, отличающиеся большим сроком службы, замечательной пластичностью, стойкостью к повышенным температуре, давлению, коррозии и механическим перегрузкам.

Набирают популярность трубы из меди и в России, в том числе как элементы:

• сантехнических систем;
• солнечных батарей;
• холодильников и прочих устройств охлаждения;
• сплит-систем;
• частных контуров отопления;
• конструкций в машиностроении.

В большинстве случаев конструкция трубопровода или любого другого механизма предусматривает наличие труб разных диаметров, поэтому в каждом случае необходимо точно пересчитывать требуемый параметр в используемые единицы измерения.

Диаметры медных труб

Диаметры медных труб (в дюймах и миллиметрах) бывают следующих видов:

• номинальный;
• внутренний;
• наружный.

Кроме того, в промышленных расчётах используют такие вспомогательные понятия, как толщина стенок и условный проход. Читайте также: «Какие размеры медных труб бывают, какие диаметры чаще используются».

Каждому из этих терминов следует дать определение:

1. Условный проход – понятие, необходимое для аккуратного соединения элементов трубопровода с помощью фитингов. Этим названием обозначают внутренний просвет трубы. Размеры этой величины за границей указывают, как принято, в дюймах, в России – в миллиметрах.
2. Толщина стенок. Условно изделия называют тонкостенными или толстостенными. Толщина стенок напрямую связана с основными технологическими характеристиками трубопровода – внутренним давлением среды и количеством вещества, проходящим через неё за единицу времени. Этот параметр обычно измеряют в миллиметрах.
3. Номинальный диаметр – в целом соответствует величине условного прохода, но маркировка трубы осуществляется с указанием точного значения этого размера.
4. Внутренний диаметр – характеристика производительности трубопровода, используется для гидродинамических расчётов.
5. Наружный диаметр – применяется для классификации продукции на большую, среднюю и малую.

Следует знать, что размеры труб по наружному диаметру практически всегда обозначаются в миллиметрах, а внутренние размеры – в зависимости от страны происхождения, в дюймах или миллиметрах.

Методы измерения

Способ определения габаритов трубы зависит от ситуации. Например, при приобретении продукции достаточно посмотреть на её маркировку и при необходимости перевести в соответствии с принятыми в стране стандартами.

Если же имеется отрезок трубы, размеры можно узнать:

• с помощью линейки – самый простой и общедоступный способ, однако наименее точный, в частности из-за того, что бытовые линейки обычно не калибруются;
• рулеткой (мерной лентой и т.п.) – та же проблема, что в первом случае;
• штангенциркулем и прочей специальной аппаратурой – при условии качества измерительных приборов наиболее точный метод, обеспечивающий достоверность расчётов, следовательно, нормальное функционирование готового водопровода.

Перевод единиц измерения

Перевод можно осуществлять с помощью простой пропорции: один дюйм равен 25,4 мм. Значит, внутренний диаметр трубы полдюйма в миллиметрах составит 12,7 мм, дюймовой трубы – 25,4 мм и так далее.

Однако на практике работать с нецелыми значениями неудобно, поэтому используются таблицы перевода дюймовых параметров труб в миллиметровые. Читайте также: «Как измеряется дюймовая труба – сравнение с метрической системой измерения диаметра».

Как измеряется дюймовая труба – сравнение с метрической системой измерения диаметра

Например, для трубы в четверть дюйма значение эквивалентного диаметра составляет 8 мм, в полдюйма – 15 мм, в три четверти дюйма – 20 мм и т.д.

Дюймовые размеры, а значит, и перевод из дюймов в миллиметры, используются при обозначении диаметров медных труб и подборе под эти изделия арматуры – муфт, тройников и крестовин, уголков и фитингов с резьбой. Размеры этих элементов указываются на их поверхности.

Как видно из вышесказанного, перевод размеров в дюймах в метрически – простая, но ответственная процедура, от которой зависит дальнейший успех и сама возможность проведения монтажных работ.

90000 How to Measure Pipe and Fitting Sizes 90001 90002 Determining what size pipes you need for your project can be confusing. Many people assume pipe size is the outer diameter of the pipe-but «pipe size» actually refers to what is called «nominal diameter.» 90003 90002 Fittings can be just as confusing. Their inside diameters must be large enough to fit over the pipe’s outside diameter. A half-inch plastic elbow, for example, has an outside diameter of about 1-1 / 4 inches. 90003 90002 Use this guide to help you find the pipe and fitting sizes you need for your next project.90003 90002 90009 90010 90003 90012 Convert Actual Diameter to Nominal Diameter 90013 90002 The easiest way to find what nominal pipe size you need is to use follow these steps and use the conversion chart below. 90003 90016 90017 90018 90019 90020 For Male Threads 90021 90002 1. Measure the Outside Diameter (OD) of your pipe or pipe fitting: 90003 90024 90025 Wrap a string around the pipe 90026 90025 Mark the point where the string touches together 90026 90025 Use a ruler or measuring tape to find the length between the tip of the string and the mark you made (circumference) 90026 90025 Divide the circumference by 3.14159 90026 90033 90002 2. Use the chart on this page to find the nominal diameter (pipe size). 90003 90036 90019 90036 90039 90040 90041 90016 90017 90018 90019 90020 For Female Threads 90021 90002 1. Measure the Inside Diameter (ID) of your pipe or pipe fitting (use a ruler or tape measure). 90003 90002 2. Use the chart on this page to find the nominal diameter (pipe size). 90003 90036 90019 90036 90039 90040 90041 90020 Nominal Diameter Conversion Chart 90021 90002 (All Measurements in Inches) 90003 90016 90017 90018 90019 90066 Outside or Inside Diameter 90067 90036 90019 90066 Decimal Equivalent 90067 90036 90019 90066 Nominal Diameter 90067 90036 90019 90066 Typical Threads Per Inch 90067 90036 90039 90018 90019 5/16 90036 90019 0.313 90036 90019 1/16 90036 90019 27 90036 90039 90018 90019 13/32 90036 90019 0.405 90036 90019 1/8 90036 90019 27 90036 90039 90018 90019 35/64 90036 90019 90002 0.540 90003 90036 90019 1/4 90036 90019 18 90036 90039 90018 90019 43/64 90036 90019 0.675 90036 90019 3/8 90036 90019 18 90036 90039 90018 90019 27/32 90036 90019 0.840 90036 90019 1/2 90036 90019 14 90036 90039 90018 90019 1-3 / 64 90036 90019 1.050 90036 90019 3/4 90036 90019 14 90036 90039 90018 90019 1-5 / 16 90036 90019 1.315 90036 90019 1 90036 90019 11-1 / 2 90036 90039 90018 90019 90002 1-21 / 32 90003 90036 90019 1.660 90036 90019 1-1 / 4 90036 90019 11-1 / 2 90036 90039 90018 90019 1-29 / 32 90036 90019 1.900 90036 90019 1-1 / 2 90036 90019 11-1 / 2 90036 90039 90018 90019 2-3 ​​/ 8 90036 90019 2.375 90036 90019 2 90036 90019 11-1 / 2 90036 90039 90018 90019 2-7 / 8 90036 90019 2.875 90036 90019 2-1 / 2 90036 90019 8 90036 90039 90018 90019 3-1 / 2 90036 90019 3.500 90036 90019 3 90036 90019 8 90036 90039 90018 90019 4 90036 90019 4.000 90036 90019 3-1 / 2 90036 90019 8 90036 90039 90018 90019 4-1 / 2 90036 90019 4.500 90036 90019 4 90036 90019 8 90036 90039 90040 90041 90012 Pipes vs. Tubing 90013 90002 90066 Pipe and tubing are not measured the same way. 90067 Tubing is measured and named based on the actual outside diameter of the tube.90003 90002 PEX, or Cross-Linked Polyethylene Tubing, is another technology fast becoming popular, and it is measured and named by inside diameter. 90003 90002 Example: 90003 90016 90017 90018 90019 90002 90066 Pipe vs. Tubing 90067 90003 90036 90019 90066 Outside Diameter 90067 90036 90039 90018 90019 1/2 «size pipe 90036 90019 27/32 «90036 90039 90018 90019 1/2 «size tubing 90036 90019 1/2 «90036 90039 90040 90041 90012 Select Thread Type 90013 90002 One of the most common thread types is 90066 National Pipe Thread (NPT).90067 These come in male (NPT, MPT, or MNPT) and female (FPT or FNPT). These are usually tapered threads used in joining and sealing pipes. 90003 90002 Another common thread is 90066 National Standard Free-Fitting Straight Mechanical Pipe Thread (NPSM) 90067. These straight thread pipes are typically used for mechanical joints. 90003 90002 BSP thread form stands for British Standard Pipe. It is based on trade size rather than actual diameter. 90003 90012 Shop Pipes and Fittings 90013 90002 Select the plumbing application you need for your next project.90003 90012 Still Need Help? 90013 90002 If you are still having trouble choosing pipe or fittings, contact our Customer Service Center at [email protected] or call 855-289-9676. 90003.90000 How to Determine Pipe Size 90001 90002 When it comes to sizing pipe, there are a few considerations for how to do it and why it matters & colon; 90003 90004 90005 How big is the hole the material will go through & quest; 90006 90005 How far is the material going & quest; 90006 90005 How thick does the wall of the pipe need to be & quest; 90006 90005 What factors are working against the system & lpar; friction, possibility of erosion, etc. & rpar; & quest; 90006 90013 90002 The pipe needs to be the proper size to handle what it’s carrying & lpar; water, gas, air, drainage, etc.& Rpar ;, but it also can not be too small, or it could cause the volume to travel too fast. And that could cause serious issues, such as water hammer & lpar; a hydraulic shock or pressure surge & rpar ;, which in turn could damage the pipe system and the fixtures attached to the piping. 90003 90016 Days Gone By 90017 90002 Determining pipe sizes can be somewhat confusing, primarily because of the historical method of sizing and the fact that some current sizing still refers to those legacy systems.Take this example & colon; 90003 90002 Years ago, a half & hyphen; inch pipe had an inner diameter of 1 & sol; 2 inches. It also had thick walls, as that was the manufacturing standard at the time. 90003 90002 Over the years, improved technology has enabled the walls to be thinner while retaining the same capabilities. However, to match up with existing & lpar; larger & hyphen; walled & rpar; pipe, the inside diameter of the new pipe had to be larger. 90003 90002 Which means the pipe was not 1 & sol; 2 inches, no matter which way you measured.90003 90002 When mass production of pipe began, there was a need for standardization. In 1927 the American Standards Association — which has since evolved into the American National Standards Institute & lpar; ANSI & rpar; — convened a committee to standardize the dimensions of wrought steel and wrought iron pipe and tubing. Back then, only a few wall thicknesses were used & colon; standard weight & lpar; STD & rpar ;, extra & hyphen; strong & lpar; XS & rpar ;, and double extra & hyphen; strong & lpar; XXS & rpar ;, based on the iron pipe size & lpar; IPS & rpar; system of the day.90003 90002 By 1939 schedule numbers were starting to come into use, but the original terms stuck and are often still used today, though XS and XXS were revised slightly to extra & hyphen; heavy & lpar; XH & rpar; and double extra & hyphen; heavy & lpar; XXH & rpar ;, respectively. 90003 90002 By the 1950s, stainless steel was coming into use more frequently, allowing the use of thinner pipes & lpar; e.g., 5S and 10S & rpar ;, which were based on pressure requirements. & Lpar; It is worth noting that because of their thin walls, the smaller «S» sizes can not be threaded but must be fusion welded.& Rpar; 90003 90016 Alphabet Soup of Pipe Metrics & colon; IPS, DIPS, NPS, CTS 90017 90002 If the legacy of sizing is not confusing enough, consider that pipes have been sized differently over the years depending on the specific sizing system & colon; 90003 90004 90005 90038 Iron Pipe Size 90039 & lpar; IPS & rpar; — sized by reference to the inside diameters & semi; the standard from early 19th century through just after World War II & semi; still used in PVC manufacturing and steel gas and water piping 90006 90005 90038 Ductile Iron Pipe Size 90039 & lpar; DIPS & rpar; — similar to NPS but used for larger pipes 90006 90005 90038 Copper Tube Sizing 90039 & lpar; CTS & rpar; — in the 1920s, this was combined with the IPS standard & semi; the inside diameter is measured in the «types» & lpar; M, L, and K for thinnest, thicker, and thickest, respectively & rpar; 90006 90005 90038 Nominal Pipe Size 90039 & lpar; NPS & rpar; — outside diameter is fixed for a given pipe size and inside diameter varies depending on the wall thickness & lpar; referred to as «schedules» & rpar; 90006 90005 90038 Plastic Irrigation Pipe 90039 & lpar; PIP & rpar; — used in agricultural applications & semi; comes in pressure ratings & lpar; psi & rpar; and is available in diameters from 6 «to 24» 90006 90013 90002 NPS is the North American standard today.The current practice is to determine pipe size through two numbers & colon; 1 & rpar; the pipe bore & lpar; or diameter & rpar; and 2 & rpar; the pipe schedule & lpar; or wall thickness & rpar; — though these two numbers can be configured in slightly different ways depending on the specific pipe used. 90003 90002 NPS sizes are documented by a number of standards, including API & lpar; American Petroleum Institute & rpar; and ANSI & sol; ASME & lpar; American Society of Mechanical Engineers & rpar ;.90003 90002 The most common pipes used today are & colon; 90003 90004 90005 Cast iron — mostly in use before 1960 & semi; used for drain & sol; waste & sol; vent & lpar; DWV & rpar; lines 90006 90005 Steel & lpar; galvanized pipe & rpar; — common in older homes & semi; lasts only about 50 years 90006 90005 Plastic — used since mid & hyphen; 1970s & semi; two types & colon; 90006 90004 90005 ABS & lpar; acrylonitrile & hyphen; butadiene & hyphen; styrene & rpar; — black color & semi; first to be used in residential homes, though some areas restrict their use in new construction 90006 90005 PVC & lpar; polyvinyl & hyphen; chloride & rpar; — white or cream color & semi; rating and diameter are stamped on the pipe & semi; a few notes on PVC & colon; 90006 90004 90005 Schedule 40 PVC is strong enough for drain lines and cold & hyphen; water lines, but local code will determine applicability.When used for cold & hyphen; water lines, it is generally not allowed for use inside a building 90006 90005 Schedule 80 PVC is often used for cold water lines but is not allowed for use inside a building in some areas because it is not suitable for hot water 90006 90005 CPVC & lpar; chlorinated polyvinyl chloride & rpar; is as strong as PVC but is heat & hyphen; resistant, which makes it acceptable in most areas for interior supply lines & semi; it is most commonly measured with CTS standards & lpar; which is important when considering fittings for existing pipe & semi; for example, a 2 «fitting will not always fit on a 2» CTS pipe, but it will always fit on a 2 «nominal size PVC pipe & rpar ;.Schedule 40 and 80 CPVC pipe and schedule 80 CPVC fittings are available and generally used in industrial applications 90006 90013 90013 90005 Copper — commonly used in water lines and some drain lines & semi; resists corrosion, lasts a long time 90006 90004 90005 Rigid Distribution Pipe — comes in three thicknesses & colon; type M & lpar; thinnest & rpar ;, type L & lpar; thicker & rpar ;, type K & lpar; thickest & rpar; 90006 90005 Rigid Drain Pipe — comes in one thickness Marked DWV and is thinner walled than type M 90006 90005 Flexible & lpar; soft & rpar; — often used with appliances lines & lpar; e.g., dishwasher, refrigerator, icemaker & rpar; and rolled out for under slab installations 90006 90013 90005 PEX & lpar; cross & hyphen; linked polyethylene & rpar; — newest pipe for residential use & semi; easy to install & lpar; cuts easily, is flexible & rpar; & semi; it can use compression fittings or push on fittings, more permanent connections require crimp style fittings and a crimping tool 90006 90013 90016 Calculating Pipe Size 90017 90100 90002 Knowing the background on how and why the sizing is determined is critical, though you will not necessarily need to resort to advanced math to figure it out.Fortunately, there are tables for every type of piping that is approved for water service and distribution. These charts are used to determine pipe size that will deliver the amount of water and at the pressure needed to operate a plumbing system that uses a variety of common household fixtures and appliances. 90003 .90000 Determine pipe thread sizes 90001 90002 National Pipe Threads (NPT) 90003 90004 Pipe sizes do refer to physical dimensions, but the plumbing industry standard for the sizes of pipe is not always as straight-forward as measuring the pipe. 90005 Measuring the pipe will oftentimes mislead you into choosing the wrong pipe, so do take care. 90006 The «pipe thread size» as shown in column 3 of the table below is measured and based on the inside of the pipe. But, to actually determine the size of a pipe, the outside diameter of each pipe or fitting must be measured and compared to the table for size identification.For example, a 3/4 «NPT pipe thread has an outside diameter of 1.050 inches. Each thread size has a defined number of threads per inch (TPI). The 3/4» NPT pipe thread has 14 threads per inch. Both the TPI (threads per inch) and OD (outside diameter) of the thread are required for positive identification of thread size because several sizes have the same TPI. 90007 90008 90009 90010 90011 90012 90013 Male threads: 90014 90015 Measure the outside diameter of the large portion of the thread at «A»; Find figure nearest this dimension in column 1 or 2 of chart.The dimension in column 3 will be your nominal pipe thread size. 90016 90017 90010 90011 90012 90013 Female Threads: 90014 90015 Measure top diameter of thread at «B»; Find figure nearest this dimension in column 1 or 2 of chart. The dimension in column 3 will be your nominal pipe thread size. 90016 90017 90026 90027 90009 90010 90011 Col 1 90027 (Dimension A) 90016 90011 Col 2 90027 (Dimension A) 90016 90011 Col 3 90027 (Dimension B) 90016 90011 Col 4 90027 (Dimension C) 90016 90011 Col 5 90016 90011 Col 6 90016 90017 90010 90048 OD 90027 Fraction Inch 90027 (quick reference only) 90016 90048 OD Actual 90027 (inches) 90016 90048 Pipe Thread 90027 Size 90016 90048 Normal engagement 90027 for tight joint 90016 90048 Threads 90027 per Inch 90016 90048 Circumference 90027 (inches) 90016 90017 90010 90011 5/16 90016 90011 0.3125 90016 90048 1/16 90016 90011 0.2611 90016 90011 27 90016 90011 0.9817 90016 90017 90010 90011 13/32 90016 90011 0.405 90016 90048 1/8 90016 90011 0.2639 90016 90011 27 90016 90011 1.272 90016 90017 90010 90011 35/64 90016 90011 0.540 90016 90048 1/4 90016 90011 0.4018 90016 90011 18 90016 90011 1.696 90016 90017 90010 90011 43/64 90016 90011 0.675 90016 90048 3/8 90016 90011 0.4078 90016 90011 18 90016 90011 2.121 90016 90017 90010 90011 27/32 90016 90011 0.840 90016 90048 1/2 90016 90011 0.5337 90016 90011 14 90016 90011 2.639 90016 90017 90010 90011 1-3 / 64 90016 90011 1.050 90016 90048 3/4 90016 90011 0.5457 90016 90011 14 90016 90011 3.299 90016 90017 90010 90011 1-5 / 16 90016 90011 1.315 90016 90048 1 90016 90011 0.6828 90016 90011 11-1 / 2 90016 90011 4.131 90016 90017 90010 90011 1-21 / 32 90016 90011 1.660 90016 90048 1-1 / 4 90016 90011 0.7068 90016 90011 11-1 / 2 90016 90011 5.215 90016 90017 90010 90011 1-29 / 32 90016 90011 1.900 90016 90048 1-1 / 2 90016 90011 0.7235 90016 90011 11-1 / 2 90016 90011 5.969 90016 90017 90010 90011 2-3 / 8 90016 90011 2.375 90016 90048 2 90016 90011 0.7565 90016 90011 11-1 / 2 90016 90011 7.461 90016 90017 90010 90011 2-7 / 8 90016 90011 2.875 90016 90048 2-1 / 2 90016 90011 1.1375 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 9.032 90016 90017 90010 90011 3-1 / 2 90016 90011 3.5 90016 90048 3 90016 90011 1.2000 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 10.995 90016 90017 90010 90011 4 90016 90011 4.0 90016 90048 3-1 / 2 90016 90011 1.2500 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 12.566 90016 90017 90010 90011 4-1 / 2 90016 90011 4.5 90016 90048 4 90016 90011 1.3000 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 14.137 90016 90017 90010 90011 5-5 / 8 90016 90011 5.563 90016 90048 5 90016 90011 1.4063 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 17.476 90016 90017 90010 90011 6-5 / 8 90016 90011 6.625 90016 90048 6 90016 90011 1.5125 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 20.812 90016 90017 90010 90011 8-5 / 8 90016 90011 8.625 90016 90048 8 90016 90011 1.7125 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 27.095 90016 90017 90010 90011 10-3 / 4 90016 90011 10.75 90016 90048 10 90016 90011 1.9250 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 33.771 90016 90017 90010 90011 12-3 / 4 90016 90011 12.75 90016 90048 12 90016 90011 2.1250 90016 90011 8 90016 90011 40.054 90016 90017 90026 90027 90004 View our Pipe Fittings and Nipples Index Page 90007 90027 90339 90009 90010 90011 All pipe thread types used in plumbing are specified by the American National Standard for pipe as accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).90016 90017 90010 90346 90347 90027 NPT sample (tapered threads) 90016 90017 90010 90011 National Pipe Threads (NPT) have tapered threads. These are the most common threads used for general purposes. NPT threads are designed with a 60 degree thread angle, and are used for joining and sealing pipe to fittings in low pressure air or liquids and also mechanical applications. The tapered thread is 3/4 «over one foot of length. Tapered threads are deeper at the end of the pipe and are increasingly shallower the further they are from the end of the pipe.The taper on the pipe only allows the pipe to screw inside the fitting until it is forced to stop because of the taper. The distance the pipe can be screwed into the fitting is specified by the ANSI standard. After tightening with a wrench the threads may have slight spaces between the pipe and fitting which could cause a leak so a pipe sealant must be used to ensure any gaps are filled. 90004 The Dry-seal thread (NPTF) also have tapered threads. NPTF threads are used when the application is such that pipe sealing compounds may fail due to higher heat or pressure than normal NPT threads can withstand.The threads are designed to seal mechanically by slightly, but sufficiently, crushing the threads when tightened with a wrench. This allows for joining the pipe and fitting without sealants. 90007 90004 The NPT and NPTF threads can be interchanged if sealants such as PTFE tape or suitable pipe joint compounds are used. 90005 None of the other thread standards are fully interchangeable (GHT, NST, BSPT, NPSI, etc.) 90006 Female NPT threads can be designated as «FPT» or 90358 «FIP» 90359 and male NPT threads can be designated as «MPT» or 90360 «MIP» 90359.90007 90004 National Standard Free-Fitting Straight Mechanical Pipe Threads (NPSM) have straight threads which are only used for joining. A washer or gasket is needed to seal this type of threaded connection. 90007 90004 There are also three less common thread types used in the plumbing industry. The Garden Hose Thread (GHT) and the Fire Hose Thread (NST) have coarse threads. The seal is made with a gasket or washer and are used mainly for attaching (joining) hoses to valves quickly, without the use of a wrench.The British Standard Taper Pipe Thread (BSPT) has a 55 degree thread angle (NPT are 60 degree) and is used internationally as a standard thread for joining steel pipes. 90007 90016 90017 90026 90027 90009 90010 90373 Definition of pipe thread acronyms 90016 90017 90010 90011 NPT 90016 90011 National Pipe Thread (tapered) 90016 90017 90010 90011 FPT 90016 90011 Female Pipe Thread (interchangeable with NPT) 90016 90017 90010 90011 FIP 90016 90011 Female Iron Pipe (interchangeable with NPT) 90016 90017 90010 90011 MPT 90016 90011 Male Pipe Thread (interchangeable with NPT) 90016 90017 90010 90011 MIP 90016 90011 Male Iron Pipe (interchangeable with NPT) 90016 90017 90010 90011 IPS 90016 90011 Iron pipe size (interchangeable with NPT) 90016 90017 90010 90011 PTF 90016 90011 SAE short taper pipe thread 90016 90017 90010 90011 NPTF 90016 90011 National Pipe Thread Fuel (American National taper pipe thread for dryseal pressure-tight joints) 90016 90017 90010 90011 NPSM 90016 90011 National Pipe Straight Mechanical (American National straight pipe thread for mechanical joints) 90016 90017 90010 90011 NPSI 90016 90011 American National straight intermediate pipe thread 90016 90017 90010 90011 GHT 90016 90011 Garden Hose thread 90016 90017 90010 90011 NST 90016 90011 National Standard Thread (Fire Hose thread) 90016 90017 90010 90011 BSPT 90016 90011 British Standard taper pipe thread (metric dimensions) 90016 90017 90026 90455 Related Items & Accessories: 90456 90027 90004 90005 Customer Testimonial: 90006 90007 90004 90463 «You guys run a web business the way a web business oughta be run……. I sent a link to your website to all my buddies ….. Keep up the good work. «90464 90027 — Mark Van Horne, Bellevue, Washington 98006 90007 90004 Please note that 90005 every customer testimonial shown on our pages has given us written permission to quote them. 90006 Our customer’s privacy is very important to us so we will 90005 90471 never 90472 90006 give, share or sell contact information or e-mail addresses to anyone! 90007 90339 90027 90004 Frequently Asked Questions 90007 90004 Q.90471 90005 «What does ‘nominal’ mean?» 90006 90472 90027 A. Nominal is the term used to describe pipe and fitting measurements in plumbing. Nominal refers to the inside diameter of the pipe which varies by wall thickness of the pipe. 90007 90004 Q. 90471 90005 «Ok, so IPS pipe sizing is not actually a dimension. So what about the fittings?» 90006 90472 90027 A. Pipe fittings are «sized» by the «size» pipe they fit. So, for example, a 1/2 «IPS fitting would fit 1/2» IPS pipe. 90007 90004 return to top ↑ 90007 .90000 Sizing Lateral Pipe 90001 90002 We make sizing lateral pipes simple, quick, and accurate. You can size lateral lines by either sizing one valve at a time or sizing the entire lateral system in one operation. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 Looking for information on sizing mainline pipe in your design? See our Sizing the Mainline documentation page. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90016 Sizing Lateral Lines Overview 90017 90002 Before you size any lateral pipe, we recommend that you: 90003 90002 90003 90002 Open the 90023 Size Lateral Pipe 90024 tool: 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90030 90002 90023 F / X Irrigation 90024 ribbon, 90023 Size Lateral Pipe 90024 flyout 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90043 90002 90023 Irrigation Piping 90024 toolbar 90003 90002 90023 F / X Irrigation 90024 menu, 90023 Size Lateral Pipe 90024 option 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 or type PipeSize in the Command line 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90066 Sizing One Valve at a Time 90067 90002 When you size one valve at a time, you can enter elevation changes that affect pressure requirements in both the lateral and mainline piping.90003 90002 If you size each valve one at a time, entering elevation differences at each valve, you may find that you need to change some aspect of piping, such as the type of pipe, velocity, pressure variation, etc. If you want, you can instead make those changes to the pipe data by sizing all valves at once. The system will remember the previously entered information of elevation changes for each valve. 90003 90002 90023 Video resource: 90024 90003 90002 Want to see a video tutorial on how to size your lateral pipe? See our Irrigation Tools: What You Need to Know webinar.The tutorial on sizing lateral pipe, including tips for reading and understanding the 90023 Size Lateral Pipes 90024 dialog box, starts at 46:20 in the video. 90003 90002 90003 90002 When you select the 90023 Size Latera 90024 l tool, the cursor will turn into a pickbox and the Command line will prompt you to Select valve to size . 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 Use the pickbox to select a valve. The system will automatically size the lateral pipes connected to that valve.The 90023 Elevation-Affected Pressure 90024 dialog box will open. If you want, enter any elevation changes for this station. 90003 90002 90003 90096 90002 90023 1. 90024 The 90023 Design Pressure 90024 will be based on what the selected valve is pulling from the head. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 2. Maximum Velocity: 90024 Use this slide to change the speed of the water through the lateral pipes connected to the selected valve.Note that the 90023 Friction Loss 90024 will change as a result. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 3. Actual Velocity: 90024 This figure will show the rate that the system will need to size to in order to avoid exceeding the current 90023 Pressure Variation 90024. 90118 Note: The Actual Velocity heading and the velocity text will turn red if the pressure variation causes a reduction in the velocity. 90119 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 4. Pressure Variation: 90024 Use this slide to determine how much pressure you will allow this system to lose.90023 More info> 90024 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 5. 90024 The 90023 Friction Loss 90024 will be determined by the flow of the current zone and the 90023 Maximum Velocity 90024 you set for this valve. (Friction loss is the loss generated through the length of pipe from the valve to the farthest head, per the inside diameters of the pipe class chosen, the velocity specified, and the results of the Hazen-Williams formula.) 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 6.Fittings Factor: 90024 Use this slide to adjust for the pressure loss that will be caused by pipe fittings in this zone. The 90023 Fittings Loss 90024 will change as a result. (This number will be relatively small.) 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 7. Use Spot Elevations: 90024 Check this box to use Spot Elevations to mark the elevation changes in your system. You can also enter Spot Elevations using our 90023 Spot Elevation 90024 90154 90155 tool. 90023 More information> 90024 90003 90002 90003 90002 Enter the elevation difference between the valve and the highest head in the text field to the right, with elevation change in feet for imperial, and elevation change in meters for metric.The system will add pressure (0.433 psi per ft, 0.098 bar per meter) when sizing the lateral system to account for the elevation change. 90023 More Information> 90024 90003 90002 90118 If the highest head is at a higher elevation than the valve, enter a positive number for the elevation change (example: 3). If the highest head is at a lower elevation than the valve, enter a negative number (example: -3). 90119 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 8. 90024 90023 Loss through Valve: 90024 Here, you’ll see the valve size that’s currently selected, as well as the pressure loss that will occur when the current settings are applied to that valve size.You can select a different valve size from the menu to specify the valve size that will work best for the current settings. Note that the 90023 Pressure Required 90024 will change as you select different valve sizes. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 9. 90024 Once you’ve configured all the settings for sizing your laterals, you’ll see the resultant 90023 Pressure Required 90024 here. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 10. 90024 List of the flow rates for all lateral sizes connected to the selected valve 90003 90002 Is the full flow rate / GPM not being displayed here? Here’s what to do.90003 90002 The 90023 Size Laterals 90024 dialog box no longer includes a setting to enter an 90023 Elevation from POC to Valve 90024. We’ve added some recent improvements to our lateral sizing feature that account for elevation differences between the POC and your valves. 90003 90002 Note that Irrigation F / X still gives you the ability to enter a elevation differences between the POC and your valves — we’ve just left that option in a few more appropriate locations.90202 90023 More information> 90024 90003 90206 90002 90003 90002 Click 90023 OK 90024 to apply your settings. The lateral system will size. The laterals connected to the selected valve will be color coded for their particular size, and pipe size callouts will be placed along the piping system. 90003 90002 90003 90215 90002 90003 90002 90118 90023 BEFORE 90024 90119 sizing (pipes are all magenta) 90003 90224 90002 90003 90002 90118 90023 AFTER 90024 90119 sizing (pipes are color coded with size callouts) 90003 90233 An example: 90234 90002 Let’s say you have the design pressure for your heads set relatively low — say, 1.4 bars in a metric design. If you have the Pressure Variation set at 20%, you will only be allowing 0.28 bars in friction loss. Once the design exceeds this rate, the system will slow the water down until your design requires larger pipes, and the friction loss is within the allowable margin. In this case, the system would be slowing the water down to 0.5 meters / second, resulting in 90mm pipe. 90003 90002 90003 90002 The solution would usually be to raise the 90023 Pressure Variation 90024 slider.Yet even at 40%, the distance would be generating enough friction loss to require dropping the velocity to 0.6 meters / second. If you were to raise the design pressure of the heads to 2 bars, it would allow you to get up to 1 meter / second velocity. 90003 90002 90003 90002 But let’s say you want to allow up to 1.26 meters / second. That rate would require allowing far more friction loss, or perhaps more simply to just allow all friction loss, and to not automatically reduce the velocity for any reason.90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90066 Sizing All Valves at Once 90067 90002 You can also choose to size the lateral pipe connected to all valves in your system design. 90003 90002 Sizing all valves at once could make sense with a flat site with little to no significant elevation changes. 90003 90002 90003 90002 After you select the 90023 Size Lateral 90024 tool, the cursor will turn into a pickbox and the Command line will prompt you to Select valve to size .90003 90002 90003 90002 The 90023 Size All Lateral Pipes 90024 dialog box will open. 90003 90002 90003 90271 90002 90023 1. 90024 Use these slides to configure the 90023 Maximum Velocity 90024, 90023 Pressure Variation 90024, and 90023 Fittings Factor 90024 for lateral pipes throughout your system design. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 2. 90024 90023 Use Spot Elevations: 90024 Check this box to use Spot Elevations to mark the elevation changes in your system.You can also enter Spot Elevations using our 90023 Spot Elevation 90024 90154 90155 tool. 90023 More information> 90024 90003 90002 90003 90002 Click 90023 OK 90024 to size the laterals. The system will size the lateral pipes connected to all valves, color code each pipe, and put in the pipe size callouts. Note that you will not receive the option to review elevation changes as you would when sizing a single valve at a time. 90003 90023 Unsizeable valve encountered.Flow velocity has been reduced to minimum, and friction loss still exceeds allowable pressure variation. Erroring out. 90024 90002 90003 90002 Getting this error message when attempting to size all lateral pipe in your design? Here’s what to do. 90003 90312 90002 90003 90066 Sizing Valves Placed Within Drip & Schematic Areas 90067 90002 Our 90023 Size Laterals 90024 tool now recognizes valves placed within a drip area or Schematic Irrigation area as being connected to that area — even if the valve has not been piped to the area.90003 90002 For more information, see our instructions for placing valves within a drip area or Schematic area. 90003 90016 The Pressure Variation Setting 90017 90002 90003 90002 The 90023 Pressure Variation 90024 setting allows you to set a value for how much pressure you will allow your irrigation system to lose. 90003 90002 90003 90002 As you move the 90023 Pressure Variation 90024 slide, you’ll see this figure to the right. If you’re sizing one valve, you’ll see the Pressure Variation as both a percentage of the current 90023 Design Pressure 90024 listed at the top of the dialog box, and as the actual pressure loss that will occur based on this percentage.If sizing all valves, you’ll only see the percentage. 90003 90002 90003 90341 90342 90002 The 90023 Pressure Variation 90024 works in conjunction with the 90023 Maximum Velocity 90024. If the friction loss is larger than the allowable pressure variation, the system will reduce the velocity. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 If you want, you can turn the 90023 Pressure Variation 90024 off by moving the slider all the way to the left.This setting will disable the automatic reduction of velocity in your design. 90003 90002 90003 90341 90342 90016 Accounting for Differences in Elevation 90017 90002 If your system has elevation differences, you can account for these differences when sizing your laterals — as well as when entering data for your valves and when sizing the mainline. 90003 90002 90003 90002 These options for configuring elevation differences can serve as a quick way to account for the pressure requirements imposed by these variations in elevation.90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90066 Using Spot Elevations 90067 90002 90003 90002 If you choose to 90023 Use Spot Elevations 90024 when sizing your laterals, you’ll most likely place one near the point of connection (POC) and then place additional Spot Elevations to reflect elevation changes. 90003 90002 When you use our 90023 Spot Elevation 90024 90023 90024 tool 90023 90024 to account for elevation changes, any head or valve will automatically look for the 90118 90023 NEAREST 90024 90119 spot elevation and assume the head or valve is at that elevation.Because of this feature, we recommend placing Spot Elevations generously. 90003 90002 The option to 90118 90119 90023 Use Spot Elevations 90024 can be a more time-consuming method of accounting for elevation changes, but for certain situations such as golf course design, it can be the preferred method. 90003 90401 90002 90003 90002 90003 90066 Elevation from Valve to Highest Head 90067 90002 90003 90002 90003 90412 90002 When sizing the laterals for one valve at a time, enter the difference in elevation between that valve and the highest head in your design.90003 90002 90023 90118 Remember: If the highest head is at a higher elevation than the valve, enter a positive number for the elevation change (example: 3). If the highest head is at a lower elevation than the valve, enter a negative number (example: -3). 90119 90024 90003 90002 This option is only available when you’re sizing one valve at a time. 90003 90002 When entering the elevation difference, take care to only account for positive-value head height.Only use a negative number if all heads are lower in elevation than the valve, or simply ignore entering a number if the heads are lower. 90003 90016 Setting the Elevation from the Point of Connection (POC) to a Valve 90017 90002 The 90023 Size Laterals 90024 dialog box used to include an option to enter an 90023 Elevation from POC to Valve 90024. We’ve removed this option from the 90023 Size Laterals 90024 feature. 90003 90206 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 You still the ability to enter an elevation between your POC and a specific valve.Use one of these two methods: 90003 90002 90003 90444 90445 90446 90023 Option 1: 90024 Open our 90023 View Data 90024 tool and select a valve to access the data assigned to that valve. 90451 90452 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 You can enter the 90023 Elevation from POC to Valve 90024 in the text field pictured to the left.90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 As long as you’ve placed Spot Elevations near your POC as well as near each valve, the 90023 Size Mainline 90024 tool will automatically account for the elevation difference from the POC to each valve when you select this option. 90003 90002 If using this method to account for elevation differences in your design, make sure you’ve placed your Spot Elevations as close to your POC and valves as possible.90003 90485 90016 Using Multiple Pipe Classes 90017 90002 The 90023 Pipe Data 90024 tool allows you to specify up to 9 classes of lateral pipe and 6 classes of mainline in each of your projects. As long as you meet a few specific criteria in setting up your pipe classes, the system will automatically assign each of your classes to the correct size of lateral or mainline pipe once you size your pipe. 90003 90002 More information about using multiple pipe classes 90003 90494 90016 Calculation Information 90017 90002 Our software uses the Hazen-Williams formula to size pipe.This formula calculates the inside diameter required, as well as related pressure losses for given flows and lengths of pipe. The calculations are derived from data supplied by the flow in the pipe resulting from: 90003 90445 90446 Heads placed in your drawing, 90451 90446 The maximum velocity, and 90451 90446 The roughness coefficient 90451 90452 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 After sizing, the system will check what is known as the Pressure Variation allowance to balance the pressure to your needs.90003 90002 You can control all data and system requirements using our 90023 Pipe Data 90024 feature. For more information, including descriptions of the various factors that affect the lateral pipe calculation, see our 90023 Pipe Data 90024 documentation page. 90003 90016 Getting Information and Editing Equipment 90017 90002 The 90023 Edit Equipment 90024/90023 View Data 90024 tool is valuable for reviewing the requirements of a piece of irrigation equipment, such as a head or valve, or any given length of pipe.90003 90002 For more information on this tool, see our Editing and Revisions documentation page. 90003 90016 Valve-in-Head (VIH) Rotors 90017 90002 Valve-in-head (VIH) rotors are generally piped with constantly pressurized pipe, which, by definition, is mainline. Although you’ll use our 90023 Lateral Pipe 90024 tool when piping to and between VIH rotors, the system will recognize the valves in the heads and will treat the pipe as if it’s mainline. When sizing this pipe, you should use our 90023 Size Mainline 90024 tool.See our VIH Rotors page for more information. 90003 90537 90016 Related Webinars 90017 90445 90446 Getting Started with Irrigation F / X: Join us for this webinar to get going with the essential capabilities of Irrigation F / X. We’ll show how to navigate through the Irrigation ribbon and build a familiarity with our conceptual-level tools. You’ll also learn the basics of adding equipment to a project, placing, piping, sizing, and scheduling.(1 hr 8 min) 90451 90446 Start to Finish Basics of Irrigation Design: This webinar will help give you an understanding of how to specify the proper equipment, talk about important concepts of irrigation design, and create a complete irrigation plan from start to finish. (1 hr 31 min) 90451 90446 Irrigation Tools — What You Need to Know: We’ll show you the ins and outs of basic irrigation setup using our software.You’ll also learn the essentials of placing equipment such as drip, sprays, and rotors. (1 hr 6 min) 90451 90446 Irrigation Tips & Tricks: We’ll show you some advanced tools you may or may not know about. You’ll also learn techniques and best practices that will help speed up your workflow. (1 hr 3 min) 90451 90446 Existing Irrigation: Learn the techniques, tools, and tricks you’ll need to expand an existing system, including how to use a pipe cap to account for existing flow and add new valves to an existing mainline.(56 min) 90451 90446 Advanced Irrigation Troubleshooting: Learn to think like a Land F / X irrigation troubleshooter. We’ll show you why your symbols do not match, why you would see the message «Error accessing equipment data» (and how to fix these issues, as well as tips on pressure losses and precip rates, pipe caps, system monitors, and flow zones. (1 hr 3 min) 90451 90446 Golf Course Irrigation: We’ll demonstrate some of the great tools Irrigation F / X offers to help ensure proper mainline sizing and scheduling.We’ll also discuss the use of using flow zones, shut-off valves, and valve-in-head rotors. (1 hr 4 min) 90451 90452 90016 Troubleshooting 90017 90002 90023 Issue: You received a Divide by Zero error when attempting to size your lateral pipes 90024 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 Issue: New Spray Coverage Regions Appearing on Xref Layer Each Time Your Resize Your Lateral Pipes 90024 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 Issue: Error when attempting to size all lateral pipes in a design: Unsizeable valve encountered.Flow velocity has been reduced to minimum, and friction loss still exceeds allowable pressure variation. Erroring out. 90024 90003 90002 90003 90002 90023 Issue: The full flow rate (GPM) is not being displayed 90024 90003.

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